WHAT IS HEARING:
Sound waves which are collected from the atmosphere are collected and processed by the hearing system in a way that can be understandable. This process is called as hearing.
WHAT IS SOUND:
Sound energy is a type of vibration. It is a mechanical type of vibration caused by environment formed of items. However for a practitioner, it is called as an alert for hearing sense.
WHAT IS FREQENCY OF SOUND:
Vibration that may occur in a second is called as frequency of a sound. It is measured as "Hertz" (Hz). As the frequency of the sound gets higher, the sound gets sharper. Low frequency sound forms higher sounds. A healthy person may hear frequencies in between, 16 and 2000 Hz. Sound which has the value of lesser than 16 Hz. / second is called as subsonic sound, higher than 2000 Hz. as called Ultrasonic sound.
WHAT IS THE VOLUME OF A SOUND:
 Level of the sound that may be heard by the ear is called as Volume of the Sound. It is measured as decibel, (dB). Decibel is the lowest possible sound that can be heard by the ear.
Whispering Sound 30 dB
Speech 40-60 dB
Loud Sound 80-90 dB
Airplane Take of 120-140 dB
Shot Gun (Closed Distance) 130 dB
WHAT IS AUDIOMETRIC EXAMINATION:
Measurement of hearing, and testing hearing functions are called as audiometric examinations. A tool to be used on that manner is called as Audiometer.
Hearing occurs in two types.
1- Air conduction
2- Bone conduction
For a healthy ear air conduction is two times more than bone conduction.
HEARING LOSS TYPES:
We can discuss on hearing loss on 3 main categories.
1- Transmission Type Hearing Loss: Caused by Pathological illnesses and this avoids sound to be transmitted to inner ear. Usually caused by lesion of outer ear or mid-ear.
2- Sensorianeural Hearing Loss: Caused by problems on inner ear or on the 8th nerve which is hearing - balance nerve.
3- Mix Hearing Loss: Occurs when both 1. and 2. Applies.
HEARING MEASUREMENTS:
0-20 dB hearing loss Very little loss
20-40 dB hearing loss Little loss
40-60 dB hearing loss Mid range loss
60-80 dB hearing loss Over the limits
80-100 dB hearing loss Advanced loss
100 dB and higher Almost total loss
WHAT ARE THE WAYS OF AUDIOMETRIC EXAMINATION TYPES:
1- Tonal Audiometer:
A- Tonal Audiometer: Examination which tests hearing volume by using simple tones.
B- Supraliminal Audiometer: Researches for the hearing loss in between min. and max. Hearing loss.
2- Spoken Audiometer: Type of test which is done by regular human speech
3- Objective Audiometer:
- Impedance audiometer
- Electroencephalographic audiometer (ERA)
- Electrokokleagrafi (ECochG)
- Brain-response audiometer. (BERA)
4- Child Audiometer (Infantile Audiometer):
WHAT IS RECRUITMENT:
A persons endurance of higher saound.
ON WHAT CASES WE MAY EXPERIENCE RECRUITMENT:
When there is hearing loss for the result of problems with cochlea hearing site gets smaller and recruitment may occur.
WHEN DOES A BABY GETS TO HEAR:
Before the birth, baby's hearing sense gets established.
IMPEDANCE ODYOMETRI NEDIR:
This type of audiometer is the type that helps on mid-ear, cochlea, 8. nerve (N. Statoacusticus), 7. Nerves (N. Facialis) and brain root tests on babies and kids.
WHAT IS TIMPANOMETRY:
Measuring of mid ear compliance with the help of pressure differences on outer ear.
WHAT CAN BE MEASURED BY THE HELP OF ACOUSTICS IMPEDANSMETER:
Pressure of mid-ear
Elasticity of outer ear
Air pressure differences on outer ear
If there is acoustic reflex or not
Acoustic reflex entrances
Adaptation of acoustic reflex
Functions of Eustachian Tube
Tensor timpani and stapes muscles
Effects of sound on mid-ear pressure changes.
WHAT IS ACOUSTIC REFLEX:
This is the response of stapes muscle which is located in the mid-ear to any sound. No matter which one of the ear is being aroused.
WHAT IS IPILATERAL AND CONTRACTUAL REFLEX:
Testing the reflex of the ear against the sound waves is called ipsiliretal reflex and giving sound waves to one ear and testing the effects of it on the other one called contractual reflex.
WHAT IS THE CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE TIPMPANOMETRY.
Timpanometry tells us about the differences of the mid-ear system. For instance, it helps us to find out about mid-ear liquid amount (SOM), bone chain problems.
WHEN CANNOT ACOUSTIC REFLEX BE FELT:
If there is any mid-ear pathology on the testing ear.
7. Nerve (N.facialis) pathology.
On the mid-range hearing loss.
Advanced-range cochlear hearing loss.
8. Nerve (N. Statoacusticus) pathology.
If there is acoustic problems on the brain roots.
Having normal timpanogram, normal impedance results, and bilateral acoustic reflexes on a person states NORMAL hearing.
If the pressure of the mid-ear is on acceptable levels, and is there is still not acoustic reflexes than we have to think abut HEARING LOSS.
An acoustic reflex especially helps on babies. If a new born baby has normal timpanogram and normal mid-ear pressure, and does not have acoustic reflexes, than the baby probably has hearing problems. These testes is very important to find out if the baby has any hearing problems.
WHAT ARE THE INDICATION OF HEARING DEVICE ON CHILDREN?:
If it gets impossible to help a child who suffers from hearing loss by medication and surgery another way has to be tried before its too late for kids.
Acceptable hearing level is known as 0 - 20 db. If a child has more than 20 db hearing loss, his or her life will be affected and damaged seriously. On that case if a child has hearing loss of more than 20 db, than device for hearing aid has to be used regularly.
Researches show that children who suffer from hearing loss learn harder and hearing loss problems stop them being at the same level with other ones that do not have any hearing loss even if they are at the same ages. For instance, IQ level of 104,5 is the normal level for a child who does not have any hearing problems however for the one that has hearing problem this level goes down to 92,4.
Also articulation problems are being experienced on the children who suffer from hearing loss. Even on this case device for hearing loss has to be used.
WHEN DOES A CHILD LEARN HOW TO SPEAK?
A child starts to learn how to talk at the very beginning of his or her life. It is fact that a child has to have normal hearing level while passing through babbling and lalling stages. For this reason it is very important to have a child to have amplification.
ÇOCUKLAR HANGI YASTA KONUSMA GELISIMINI TAMAMLAR?:
That happens usually around the ages 3,5 - 4. If a child cannot hear well around the ages 3 and 4 than it is more likely hard to experience any success on his or her education in the following years. Around the age 3 or 4 sensor related with speech mechanism has to finish its advancement.
People and even some of the doctors think that device for hearing aid has to be used not before the age of 6 or 7 which is a very wrong belief and will definitely caused more problems in the future that cannot be repaired at all.
WHAT KIND OF DEVICES ARE SUITABLE FOR WHAT TYPE OF HEARING LOSS?:
Choosing the right hearing device is the most important decision a profession will make for your health. Different type of devices should be used for different type of hearing problems. Choosing the right device depends on the level of the hearing loss that a patient suffers. Of course a doctor will know that after all the tests are being done and computerized results are taken.
A device which not suitable for current hearing loss will give more hearing problems even might caused to be totally deaf in a short time. For this reason choosing a right device hast top be done by a professional. Otherwise you will have problems that will stay wth you forever. It is just like giving a person with a eye problems a wrong eye glasses which will cosed a person to have more problems and even to be blind in a shor time.
WHY IS IT SO IPMPORTANT TO DIAGNOSIS THE PROBLEM EARLIER ON CHILDREN?
Lets give an example on that. If a child has hearing loss level of 70 dB and if it is impossible to correct the problem by surgery, than he or she has to be amplified during the ages 3 and 4. In that case he or she will have chance to continue his or her life as a normal person. In addition to that if she or he is not amplified during those ages than he or she will continue his or her life as a deaf person.
WHAT ARE THE REACTIN FOR THE NORMAL HEARING CHILDREN?:
ELEMENTARY REFLEXES
a-(APR) Auropalpepral Reflex: Responses on babies as eye closings against sound.
b-Moro Reflex: Reaction such as sudden movenets against sound.
B-MOVING REACTION: Turning towards the sound.
C-AWAKE REACTION: Awakening of a child result of a sound.
D- CHANGES IN THE BEHAVIOR: A calm child gets nervous or a nervous one gets calm as he or she hears the sound.
BABIES HAS RISK OF HAVING HEARING LOSS:
Herediter isitme kaybi öyküsü olanlar
Kizamikçik gibi intrauterin enfeksiyon geçirenler
KBB anomalileri
1500 gr.dan az agirlikli bebekler
Nörotoksik seviyede bilüribin artisi
Travay sirasinda hipoksi olusumu.
